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╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ DOUBLE DIRECTORY ║ ║ ║ ║ version 1.33 ║ ║ Copyright 1991 by George Tylutki ║ ║ 100% Cotton Software, RR 1 Box 1622, Hop Bottom, PA 18824 ║ ║ 717-289-4019 (after 3 PM EST) ║ ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ ┌──────────────────┐ │ Introduction │ └──────────────────┘ Double Directory displays two disk directories side-by-side. You can scroll through either or both (simultaneously). There are functions for deleting, renaming, viewing, moving, copying, and changing the attributes of files and for making, removing and comparing directories. Double Directory's point-and-shoot interface makes it easy to tag files and navigate subdirectories. With an EGA or VGA, more files can be displayed in the 43- and 50-row modes. You can sort directories by name, extension, time, date or size, and shell to DOS to execute DOS commands or run programs. The display colors can be changed and several other options can be configured. Double Directory is fast and easy to use: the commands are mnemonic and can be accessed via menus, function keys or hot keys. It has context-sensitive help. Double Directory requires no installation; simply copy the files dbldir.exe, dbldir.hlp and dbldir.doc to the disks and/or directories where you will use it. Type "dbldir" and press the Enter key to run Double Directory. You do not have to copy dbldir.hlp or dbldir.doc (see "Help" in the TIPS section below). You should, of course, make a backup copy of the distribution disk and put it away in a safe place. Minimum requirements: 1 or more disk drives; DOS 2.0 (DOS 3.0 or later recommended); any standard display device (MDA, Hercules, CGA, EGA, VGA); 272K (see "Memory Requirements" in the MISCELLANEOUS section below for specifics). There is no specific support for a mouse or a network in this version. After the table of contents and registration information, you will find a general introduction to Double Directory. This is followed by a reference section for each function. At the end there is a table of keys, a list of error messages, an index and a registration form. There is also a TIPS section which can make Double Directory easier or faster to use. Throughout there are some Technical Notes that you do not have to read, but you might find interesting and/or useful. ┌───────────────────────┐ │ Table of Contents │ └───────────────────────┘ Introduction . . . . . . . 1 Path . . . . . . . . 23 Registration Information. . 3 Write . . . . . . . . 23 Using Double Directory . . 4 Command-line Parameters . . 23 Getting Help . . . . . . 4 Miscellaneous Stuff . . . . 25 The Screen . . . . . . . 4 Viruses . . . . . . . 25 Moving Around the Screen 5 Windows Updating . . 25 Executing Commands . . . . 6 Memory Requirements . 25 F10, / . . . . . . . . . 6 Necessary Stuff . . . 26 Esc . . . . . . . . . . 6 License . . . . . . . 26 Shift-F10 . . . . . . . 6 Tips . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Enter . . . . . . . . . 7 Keystrokes . . . . . . . . 31 Tagging Files . . . . . 7 Error Messages . . . . . . 32 Entering Text . . . . . 7 Registration Form . . . . . 35 Functions Reference . . . . 8 Future Features . . . . . . 36 Main Menu . . . . . . . 8 Index . . . . . . . . . . . 37 File Functions . . . . . 9 Delete . . . . . . . 9 Rename . . . . . . . 9 Copy . . . . . . . . 9 View . . . . . . . . 10 Move . . . . . . . . 10 Tag . . . . . . . . . 11 Attributes . . . . . 11 DOS . . . . . . . . . 12 Shell . . . . . . 12 Shell and run . . 12 Clear and run . . 12 Exit and run . . . 13 Exit . . . . . . . . 13 Directory Functions . . 13 Path . . . . . . . . 13 Mask . . . . . . . . 14 Compare . . . . . . . 15 Sort . . . . . . . . 15 Reread . . . . . . . 16 Tag . . . . . . . . . 16 Make . . . . . . . . 16 Remove . . . . . . . 17 Information . . . . . 17 Options Functions . . . 17 Sound . . . . . . . . 17 Confirm . . . . . . . 17 Rows . . . . . . . . 18 Directory . . . . . . 18 View . . . . . . . . 19 Color . . . . . . . . 21 Double Directory 3 ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Why should I register Double Directory? │ └─────────────────────────────────────────────┘ Double Directory is a copyrighted shareware product; it is not freeware or public domain. You can try it before you buy it and you are encouraged to give copies to others. But if you like it and use it, you should send the registration fee of $15.00 to 100% Cotton Software, RR 1 Box 1622, Hop Bottom, PA 18824. (See also "Licensing" in the MISCELLANEOUS section below.) When you register Double Directory, you will receive: (1) a version of the program that does not have the registration screen (which consumes about 2K RAM); (2) free (not toll-free) telephone support; (3) notifications of updates (free if a bug requires an update); (4) and, of course, the appreciation of programmers who strive to produce inexpensive, quality, useful and entertaining software. You will also receive (5) a copy of our commercial program, Clip and Save, and (6) your choice of either of our shareware programs, Maze Survey or Have You Read That Movie? ┌───────────────┐ │ Clip and Save │ You can print the text on your computer └───────────────┘ screen by pressing Shift + PrtSc, but there are limitations. (1) The entire screen is printed. (2) The screen contents can only be printed, not saved to a disk file for later use. (3) Every character is sent to the printer, even those with ASCII codes less than 32 (control codes) which are interpreted as commands by the printer and mess up the printout. Also, some printers cannot print the the foreign language and graphics characters (ASCII 128-255). Clip and Save is a TSR (terminate-and-stay-resident) program that solves these problems. You can clip all or part of a text screen, send the clipping to the printer or save it (or append it) to a disk file, and filter out unwanted characters. For example, you can use Double Directory to View a file and Clip and Save to grab the parts you want and save them to a file. Clip and Save works with LPT1, LPT2 or LPT3 and the standard text screen modes (40x25, 80x25, 80x28, 80x43, 80x50). It requires DOS 2.0 or later and uses 31K of memory when installed. It can be removed from memory without rebooting your computer and it is configurable. ┌─────────────┐ │ Maze Survey │ Maze Survey is a graphics game in which you └─────────────┘ use the keyboard to maneuver a variable-speed survey vehicle through mazes laying down and later picking up markers. You work against the clock and are paid for each marker. There are 10 mazes and 4 levels of difficulty. You can choose among 4 color palettes and 2 graphics resolutions Double Directory 4 (depending upon your display adapter). You may also choose which keys maneuver the vehicle. High scores and the various settings (level, colors, etc.) can be saved to disk so that you don't have to reset them each time you play. There is on-line help. Maze Survey requires DOS 2.0 or later and 128K RAM and it will run with CGA, MCGA, EGA, VGA, Hercules, and AT&T 400 graphics adaptors. ┌───────────────────────────┐ │ Have You Read That Movie? │ Although movies are often based on └───────────────────────────┘ original screenplays, many are adapted from literary works: novels, plays, short stories and even poems. Have You Read That Movie? is a multiple-choice test (368 questions) of your knowledge of movies and literature. There are three levels of difficulty and three modes of play: single player, two players alternate, and two players compete. Each correct answer is accompanied by some interesting fact(s) about the movie or the literary work. It requires 256K RAM, DOS 2.0 or later and a CGA, EGA, VGA, Hercules, MDA, MCGA display adapter (color or monochrome). There is on-line help and the program is configurable. It works with or without a mouse. ┌────────────────────────────┐ │ Using Double Directory │ └────────────────────────────┘ When Double Directory is first run, it stops at the title screen, where you can change the paths or masks of each directory, continue with the default paths and masks or quit the program. The default paths are both set to the active drive and directory when Double Directory is run. The default masks are "*.*". Paths and masks can be changed at this point or overridden via command-line parameters (see below). It then reads and displays both directories. ┌────┐ │ F1 │ Pressing F1 activates context-sensitive help. For └────┘ example, if you are entering a path and press F1, you will get help on entering a path, but if the tag menu is active when you press F1 you will get help about tagging. See also "Help" in the TIPS section. ┌────────────┐ │ The Screen │ A vertical line divides the screen into left and └────────────┘ right directory windows (where the files are listed). A horizontal line five lines from the bottom of the screen, separates the directory windows from the directory information area. Double Directory uses a single-line menu system at the top of the screen. The last choice you make at any menu is remembered and offered as the default the next time you activate that menu, except in some cases such as offering "No" for Exit and "Yes" for Double Directory 5 Confirm. The main menu is activated from within either directory window by pressing F10 or "/" (familiar to Lotus 1-2-3 users). Use the arrow keys to move the menu bar and press Enter to select an item. At the bottom of the screen is a help line that gives information about the menu items as the menu bar moves over them. When you choose a menu item that invokes another menu, that menu replaces the current menu and a title is placed at the left of the menu line to remind you where you are in the menu system. For example, if you press F10 from either directory window you will see: File Directory Options Help If you then choose File, you will see: FILE: Delete Rename Copy View Move Tag Attributes Dos Exit If you then choose Tag, you will see: FILE/TAG: Tag Untag Toggle In the left and right directory windows, Double Directory displays the name, extension, size, and date of each entry in the directory. It also displays either the entry's time or its attributes depending upon the setting of Options/Dir/Time. Double Directory displays all subdirectories in the path. "<parent>" or "<subdir>" is substituted for the subdirectory's size. The parent directory (next higher level) is shown as "..". The volume name (if there is one) is shown as "<vol id>". All valid drives (root directories) are displayed as "a:\", "c:\" and so on with "<drive>" in place of their sizes. The drive of the current directory is displayed (making it easy to move up to the root directory). In the directory information area at the bottom of the screen are displayed the complete path of each directory, the number of free bytes on that disk and the number of files (not subdirectories, volume names and drive entries) in the directory. ┌──────────────────────────┐ │ Moving Around the Screen │ Use Up Arrow, Down Arrow, Home, └──────────────────────────┘ End, Page Up and Page Down to move the cursor bar forward and backward through a directory. When there are more entries in a directory than will fit on screen, the listing will scroll up or down when the cursor bar reaches the top or bottom of the window. Use Left Arrow, Right Arrow, F6, Tab and Shift-Tab to move from one directory window to the other (activate it). When the left directory window is active, a right arrow character is displayed on the horizontal divider line and when the right directory window is active, a left arrow character is displayed. In addition to indicating which window is active, the character indicates the direction of the copy and move commands (to the left or right); the arrow indicates the source directory and Double Directory 6 points to the destination directory. Also, the cursor bar in the active directory window is a different color from the cursor bar in the inactive window. Thus, there are two visual cues that indicate which is the active directory window. If you press Scroll Lock, an "S" will appear (or disappear) at the intersection of the vertical and horizontal divider lines. When Scroll Lock is on, you can scroll through both directories simultaneously. The cursor bars in both directories will be the active color (see "Colors" below). You can also use the WordStar keys for cursor movement and text entry (see keystroke chart at end of manual). ┌────────────────────────┐ │ Executing Commands │ └────────────────────────┘ ┌────────┐ │ F10, / │ Pressing F10 or "/" activates Double Directory's menu └────────┘ system by which you can execute its various functions. For example, to change the sort criteria to "sort by descending size" from either of the directory windows, you would press F10 and move the menu bar to "Directory" and press Enter. Then move the menu bar to "Sort" and press Enter. Next move the menu bar to "Size" and press Enter and finally move to "Descending" and press Enter. You could also use the menu hot keys: press F10, I, S, S, D. Most of Double Directory's functions have hot keys which make it easier to activate them. For example, when in either of the directory windows you can press "S" and the Sort menu will be activated or "B" and the attributes menu will be activated. ┌─────┐ │ Esc │ Pressing Esc always moves you backward one step. In the └─────┘ example above, pressing Esc when you have reached the menu that offers Ascending or Descending will take you back to the Sort menu and pressing Esc again will take you back to the Directory menu. Or if you have tagged several files to rename, and want to stop renaming part way through the list, just press Esc. When printing a file, Double Directory checks whether you have pressed Esc (to cancel printing) every 18 lines. When you press Esc to cancel while copying, deleting, moving, etc., the cancel takes effect before the execution of the function upon the next file. ┌───────────┐ │ Shift-F10 │ Pressing Shift-F10 moves you backward all the way. └───────────┘ It is like pressing Esc several times. In the example above, pressing Shift-F10 at the Ascending/Descending Double Directory 7 menu will cancel all menus and place you back into the active directory window. ┌───────┐ │ Enter │ Press Enter while the cursor bar is on a directory or └───────┘ drive entry to change the path for that directory window. The new directory path will be read and displayed. For example, let's say the path in the active directory is C:\LETTERS\. If you place the cursor bar on the subdirectory entry "MARCH" and press Enter, the new path will be C:\LETTERS\MARCH. If you now place the cursor bar on the entry ".." (parent directory) and press Enter, the new path will be C:\LETTERS\. If you now place the cursor on "A:\" and press Enter, the new path will be A:\. Using the direction keys and Enter, you can easily and quickly choose and display directories of different disks and move up and down through the subdirectory structure of a disk. Pressing Enter while the cursor bar is on a filename or volume name does nothing. ┌───────────────┐ │ Tagging Files │ A file must be tagged before it can be └───────────────┘ acted upon (deleted, copied, etc.). To tag a file, place the cursor bar on the directory entry of the file you want to tag and press Ins (or File/Tag from the menu). The tag character will appear to the left of the filename. To untag a file, press Del (or File/Untag from the menu); the tag character will disappear. Pressing the spacebar or choosing File/Toggle, tags an untagged file or untags a tagged file. F7 (or Directory/Tag) tags all of the files in the active directory and F8 (or Directory/Untag) untags all of the files in the active directory. You can tag files in either or both directories. Functions that operate upon files (copy, delete, etc.) work with the tagged files (only) in the active directory. Functions that operate directly upon directories (make, remove) work on the currently highlighted subdirectory name in the active directory. That is, a directory is not tagged before it is operated on. You simply place the cursor bar on the directory name and then choose a function like Remove (therefore, only one subdirectory at a time can be acted upon). Other functions like Sort or Compare work upon the entire active directory; nothing needs to be tagged or highlighted. ┌───────────────┐ │ Entering Text │ Whenever you select a function that requires └───────────────┘ you to enter text, the editing keys are activated. For example, when you choose Mask, Path or Rename, the current filename, mask or path is displayed at the top of the screen and the cursor is placed at the end of it. You can press Backspace to delete characters and Del to delete the entire Double Directory 8 string of characters. As you type, Double Directory checks that you enter valid mask, file or path characters, that you do not enter "." more than once, and that you do not exceed the legal length. However, if you are entering command-line parameters for Shell and run or Clear and run, only the length is checked; every character you type is accepted. ┌─────────────────────────┐ │ Functions Reference │ └─────────────────────────┘ In the following section each function is discussed. The hot keys and function keys are show in the right box. Pressing F10 or "/" activates the main menu which has entries for File, Directory, Options and Help. ┌──────┬──────┬───┐ │ MAIN │ FILE │ L │ The file menu has entries for deleting, └──────┴──────┴───┘ renaming, copying, viewing, moving and tagging files; changing file attributes; shelling to DOS/running programs; and exiting Double Directory. You may delete, rename, copy, view, move, tag and change the file attributes of more than one file at a time. You will be asked to confirm the action for each file if Options/Confirm is set to Yes. Delete always asks if you want to confirm each deletion. ┌──────┬───────────┬───┐ │ MAIN │ DIRECTORY │ I │ The directory menu has entries for └──────┴───────────┴───┘ comparing, sorting, rereading, making and removing directories; changing directory paths and masks; tagging/untagging all files in a directory; and displaying information. ┌──────┬─────────┬───┐ │ MAIN │ OPTIONS │ T │ The options menu has entries for └──────┴─────────┴───┘ displaying 25 or 43/50 rows; toggling sound on/off; toggling confirm action on/off; choosing the directory options menu, the colors menu and the view options menu; setting the path to Double Directory; and saving the options to disk. ┌──────┬──────┬───┐ │ MAIN │ HELP │ H │ Pressing "H" gives you access to all of the └──────┴──────┴───┘ help text. When the help window opens, use the Page Up and Page Down keys to scroll through the text. Double Directory 9 ┌────────────────────┐ │ File Functions │ └────────────────────┘ ┌──────┬────────┬───┐ │ FILE │ DELETE │ D │ Double Directory first asks if it should └──────┴────────┴───┘ confirm the deletion of the tagged files one-at-a-time (the safest approach) or delete them nonstop. If you choose individual deletion, it will show each filename and request confirmation. If you choose Yes, the file will be deleted. If you choose No, that file will be skipped (not deleted) and the next filename (if more than one file is tagged) will be presented. You are always required to choose a deletion mode (one-at-a-time or nonstop) because if you inadvertently delete a file, you will have to find your backup disk or use another utility to undelete the file (such as Eric Gans' public-domain UNERASE program). ┌──────┬────────┬───┐ │ FILE │ RENAME │ N │ If Options/Confirm is set to Yes, you └──────┴────────┴───┘ will be asked to confirm that you want to rename each tagged file in order. If you answer No, then that file is skipped. If you answer Yes, then the tagged filename is displayed at the top of the screen. You can edit it or enter a new filename (see Editing above). If a file with the same name already exists, an error message will be displayed and that file will be skipped. ┌──────┬──────┬───┐ │ FILE │ COPY │ C │ If Options/Confirm is set to Yes, you will └──────┴──────┴───┘ be asked to confirm that you want to copy each tagged file in order. If you answer No, then that file is skipped. If the source file already exists in the destination directory and Options/Confirm is set to Yes, you will be asked if the file in the destination directory should be replaced with the source copy. If Options/Confirm is set to Off and the file already exists in the destination directory, the source copy will replace the file without requesting confirmation (so be careful). Double Directory does not check whether there is enough free space to copy the files because that would depend upon whether you want to replace existing file or not. If there isn't enough room, it will display a "Disk Full" error message and delete the partially copied file in the destination directory. If Options/Confirm is set to Off and the destination disk becomes full, then the copy of the file on the destination file will be deleted: that is, Double Directory deletes the file on the destination disk without confirmation, starts copying the source file, finds the disk full, issues an error message and deletes the partially copied file on the destination disk. The source file is still there. If several files are tagged and the disk becomes full, after Double Directory 10 issuing the error message, Double Directory will attempt to copy the next tagged file (which may be smaller and may fit). You can determine if there is enough room to copy the tagged files by pressing F2; see Directory/Info below. Of course, you can press Esc to cancel copying. Either directory can be the source or destination for the Copy function. Whichever directory window the cursor bar is in is the active directory and the source directory; the other is the inactive directory and the destination. The arrow character on the horizontal dividing line indicates the active (source) directory and points to the destination directory. ┌──────┬──────┬───┐ │ FILE │ VIEW │ W │ If Options/Confirm is set to Yes, you will └──────┴──────┴───┘ be asked to confirm that you want to view each tagged file in order. If you do, a view window is opened and 18 lines from the file are displayed. Use the direction keys to scroll through the file and press Esc to stop viewing. While viewing a file, you may see the messages "Reading" or "Parsing" displayed at the top of the screen. They are not error messages; they are meant to keep you informed about what is happening if you are using a slow computer system. While viewing a file, you can press "V" to activate the Options/View menu (see below) which enables you to print the file, turn line wrap on or off, and so on. View file can handle any size file because it reads and parses only part of the file at a time. It is designed for browsing a file for its contents. If you need more power (you need to see a file in exactly its original format or you need to search for specific items in a file), you should obtain a more specialized shareware file-viewing utility (such as Vernon Buerg's LIST). ┌──────┬──────┬───┐ │ FILE │ MOVE │ V │ If Options/Confirm is set to Yes, you will └──────┴──────┴───┘ be asked to confirm that you want to move each tagged file in order. There are two move modes: (1) if the source and destination paths are on different drives, move copies and then deletes a file ; (2) if they are on the same drive but include different subdirectories, it simply moves the file's directory entry from the source path to the destination path. If the paths are identical, Double Directory will issue an error message. If you are moving files between different disks, Double Directory copies the files from the source to the destination path and then deletes them from the source path. If you press Esc to cancel, then the files copied up to when you pressed Esc will remain tagged since they were copied but not deleted. If Options/Confirm is set to Yes, then you will be prompted to confirm the move of each file, but not prompted to confirm the deletion of each file even if the source and destination paths Double Directory 11 are on different disks since the files have already been copied. ┌──────┬─────┬──────────┐ │ FILE │ TAG │ Ins, Del │ See "Tagging" above. └──────┴─────┴──────────┘ ┌──────┬────────────┬───┐ │ FILE │ ATTRIBUTES │ B │ DOS assigns an attribute bit to └──────┴────────────┴───┘ each directory entry. READ ONLY files can't be written to or deleted by DOS. HIDDEN files are invisible to most DOS operations (including dir). SYSTEM files are also invisible to most DOS operations (they are a carry-over from CP/M days). The ARCHIVE bit indicates that a file has been modified but not backed up. The volume and subdirectory attributes indicate that the entry is a volume name or a subdirectory; Double Directory does not enable you to change the volume or subdirectory attributes. If Options/Confirm is set to Yes, you will be asked to confirm that you want to change the attributes of each tagged file in order. As you toggle an attribute on or off, an "A", "H", "R" or "S" will appear or disappear after the file's name. When you have set the attributes as you want, choose Done and the attributes will be written to disk. Unlike DOS, Double Directory can View, Rename, Copy, etc. files with hidden, system and read-only attributes. This is one reason for using it instead of DOS. However, because it can, for example, delete a hidden or read-only file you should be very careful. Remember, if you set a file's Hidden attribute, it will not be visible to the DOS dir command. When Double Directory copies a hidden, system or read-only file, the copy will be hidden, system or read-only; that is, the file attributes are preserved. All copied files have the archive bit set. If Options/Dir/Time is set to No, a file's attributes are displayed in the directory windows; otherwise, its time is shown. ┌────────────────┐ │ Technical Note │ A false attribute is assigned to drives └────────────────┘ in a directory file list (hex F0). You cannot change this attribute. The attributes are used for a number of things, including determining whether a filename can be tagged or if it is a drive or subdirectory. This false attribute will cause no problems with DOS. However, we cannot state with certainty that it will not cause problems with all networks. There are many types of networks and they are constantly being revised. This version of Double Directory is not network aware; that is, it does not lock or unlock a file or check its status when it accesses a file. Double Directory 12 ┌──────┬─────┬───┐ │ FILE │ DOS │ O │ There are four choices on the DOS menu. └──────┴─────┴───┘ ┌──────┬─────┬───────┐ │ FILE │ DOS │ SHELL │ Shell enables you to temporarily exit └──────┴─────┴───────┘ Double Directory to the command line from which you can issue DOS commands, such as dir, cd, mkdir, and so on, or run another program (if there is enough memory). The screen will clear and you will see the DOS prompt. When you are ready to return to Double Directory, type "exit" and press Enter (at the DOS prompt). When you shell to DOS, another copy of command.com is loaded; if it can't be found, you will be immediately returned to Double Directory. The directories aren't reread after you return from DOS. So, if you make changes by making or removing directories, adding files, etc., you should reread the directories by pressing F9, switching to the other directory window and pressing F9 again. ┌──────┬─────┬─────────────┐ │ FILE │ DOS │ SHELL & RUN │ Shell and run enables you to └──────┴─────┴─────────────┘ temporarily exit to DOS and run the first tagged file in the active directory and then return to Double Directory (which remains in memory). The program must have an .exe, .com or .bat extension. Before the program is run, you are given the opportunity to enter a command-line that will be passed to the program when it runs. The command- line string can be up to 64 characters long and all characters are valid. If you do not need to pass a command-line to the program, do not type anything; just press Enter. You will be returned to Double Directory immediately if command.com cannot be located or if there is not enough memory to run the program. Renaming the file dbldir.hlp so that it cannot be found when Double Directory is run, makes about 11K more memory available to Shell and run. ┌──────┬─────┬─────────────┐ │ FILE │ DOS │ CLEAR & RUN │ Clear and run temporarily └──────┴─────┴─────────────┘ removes Double Directory from memory, runs the first tagged file and then returns to Double Directory. As with Shell and run, the program must be have an .exe, .com or .bat extension and you are given the opportunity to enter a command-line string (see above). Since Double Directory is removed from memory, there is much more memory available to the program you want to run. Clear and run enables you to use Double Directory as a shell or menu program. Be sure to read Options/Path below. See also "Using Double Directory as a Shell" in the TIPS section below. The combined length of the command line and the path to and Double Directory 13 the name of the program cannot exceed 124 characters. Therefore, if you attempt to Clear and run a program that lies at the maximum depth in the subdirectory structure of your disk (79 characters including the program name) and you pass more than 45 characters of parameters to the program, the total length could exceed 124 characters, in which case Double Directory might not be able to find its way back so it can rerun itself after the program has finished. ┌────────────────┐ │ Technical Note │ When you choose Clear and run, Double └────────────────┘ Directory creates a temporary batch file named $dbldir$.bat in the directory of the program that is being run. You should not rename or delete this file while you are shelled out of Double Directory (which will delete it when you return). This file is NOT hidden so if your computer crashes due to a power glitch or if you shut down your computer before returning to Double Directory you will be able to find $dbldir$.bat and delete it if you want. Many programs create temporary hidden files and if anything goes wrong you may not know that a hidden file is taking up space on your disk. ┌──────┬─────┬────────────┐ │ FILE │ DOS │ EXIT & RUN │ Exit and run enables you to quit └──────┴─────┴────────────┘ Double Directory and run the first tagged file. As with Shell and run, the program must have an .exe, .com or .bat extension and you are given the opportunity to enter a command-line string. Also, you are prompted to confirm that you want to Exit and run. ┌──────┬──────┬───────┐ │ FILE │ EXIT │ X, F3 │ You are always prompted to confirm └──────┴──────┴───────┘ that you want to exit. When you return to DOS you will be in the same directory as when you started Double Directory. ┌─────────────────────────┐ │ Directory Functions │ └─────────────────────────┘ ┌───────────┬──────┬───┐ │ DIRECTORY │ PATH │ P │ Double Directory uses a left and right └───────────┴──────┴───┘ path (and mask) to read and display the directories in the left and right directory windows. Each directory window can have a different path or the same path. The path may be as simple as a drive designation (A:\) or a combination of a drive and subdirectories (C:\LETTERS\PERSONAL\). Double Directory adds the colon (:) and trailing backslash (\) if it is omitted. Thus, if you simply want to change drives, press "P" for path, "Del" to delete the path, the new drive letter, and Enter. Or you could type "cgames" and Double Directory would change this to "c:\games\". Double Directory checks the length Double Directory 14 of the path you enter and accepts only valid path characters (see your DOS manual for more information). When you first run the program, both the left and right paths are set to the path from which you started Double Directory. You are given an opportunity at the title screen to change the paths and masks. You rarely need to press "P" to change the path (except at the title screen), because it is easier to point and shoot to add or delete subdirectories to/from the path. When Double Directory displays a directory, it shows subdirectories as well as filenames. Like DOS it shows the parent directory as "..". It shows "<subdir>" and "<parent>" in place of the file size. To add to or delete from the path, place the cursor bar on the subdirectory name and press Enter. The name will be appended or deleted and the new directory will be read and displayed. This makes Double Directory a very useful tool for navigating a hard disk (looking for a file, for example). Double Directory does not show "." (the current directory). A path's length cannot exceed 67 characters and must include a drive letter and zero or more subdirectories. ┌────────────────┐ │ Technical Note │ Some versions of DOS allow you to create └────────────────┘ paths deeper than a 67-character path allows. There is nothing we can do about this. So if you are using one of these aberrant versions of DOS, you may work your way down through several subdirectories and eventually hit a dead end (there will be no parent directory ".." displayed). At this point the path will exceed 67 characters and be truncated and make no sense to Double Directory. If this happens, just press "P" and enter a new path or place the cursor bar on a drive entry and press Enter to jump upward. ┌───────────┬──────┬───┐ │ DIRECTORY │ MASK │ M │ The mask is used when Double Directory └───────────┴──────┴───┘ reads the directory from disk; it acts like a filter for including/excluding entries. A mask is composed of a name of up to 8 characters, a period, and an extension of up to 3 characters. It may include the wildcard characters "*" and "?". "*" means include any number of characters and "?" means include any one character. The default mask is "*.*"; all files (characters) are included. You would change the mask if you want to display only a select group of directory entries. For example, if the mask is "*.BAS" then only files with the "BAS" extension are included. Each directory window can have a different mask. Double Directory checks the length of the mask you enter and accepts only valid filename (mask) characters (see your DOS manual for more information). Double Directory 15 ┌───────────┬─────────┬───┐ │ DIRECTORY │ COMPARE │ M │ All files in the left and right └───────────┴─────────┴───┘ directories are compared according to the criteria you select. Each file that does not have a match in the other directory is tagged. The criteria are additive; for example, if you choose DATE, files must match by name AND size AND date. ┌───────────┬─────────┬──────┐ │ DIRECTORY │ COMPARE │ NAME │ All files in the two └───────────┴─────────┴──────┘ directories are compared by their 8-character names and 3-character extensions. Use this to determine whether files in one path are in another. ┌───────────┬─────────┬──────┐ │ DIRECTORY │ COMPARE │ SIZE │ All files in the two └───────────┴─────────┴──────┘ directories are compared by name and then by size (in bytes). ┌───────────┬─────────┬──────┐ │ DIRECTORY │ COMPARE │ DATE │ All files in the two └───────────┴─────────┴──────┘ directories are compared by name, then by size and then by date. ┌───────────┬─────────┬──────┐ │ DIRECTORY │ COMPARE │ TIME │ All files in the two └───────────┴─────────┴──────┘ directories are compared by name, then by size, then by date and then by time. Use this to determine whether the latest versions of files in one path are in another. ┌───────────┬──────┬───┐ │ DIRECTORY │ SORT │ S │ Directories can be sorted by name, └───────────┴──────┴───┘ extension, size, date or time in ascending or descending order. You can also display a directory in unsorted order (as with the DOS dir command). All entries in a directory are sorted: files, subdirectories and drives. Ascending order is "A" to "Z" and "0" to "9". Each directory can have different sort criteria. Sorting only temporarily affects the way the directory entries are displayed; nothing on the disk is changed. ┌───────────┬──────┬──────┐ │ DIRECTORY │ SORT │ NAME │ All entries in the directory are └───────────┴──────┴──────┘ sorted by their 8-character names. ┌───────────┬──────┬───────────┐ │ DIRECTORY │ SORT │ EXTENSION │ All entries in the directory └───────────┴──────┴───────────┘ are sorted by their 3- character extensions. Since drives have no extensions, they will appear first or last in the directory listing depending upon whether the sort order is ascending or descending. Double Directory 16 ┌───────────┬──────┬──────┐ │ DIRECTORY │ SORT │ SIZE │ All entries in the directory are └───────────┴──────┴──────┘ sorted by their sizes. Since subdirectories and drives have no sizes, they appear first or last in the directory listing depending upon whether the sort order is ascending or descending. ┌───────────┬──────┬──────┐ │ DIRECTORY │ SORT │ DATE │ All entries in the directory are └───────────┴──────┴──────┘ sorted by their dates. Since drives have no dates, they appear first or last in the directory listing depending upon whether the sort order is ascending or descending. ┌───────────┬──────┬──────┐ │ DIRECTORY │ SORT │ TIME │ All entries in the directory are └───────────┴──────┴──────┘ sorted by their times. Since drives have no times, they appear first or last in the directory listing depending upon whether the sort order is ascending or descending. ┌───────────┬──────┬─────────┐ │ DIRECTORY │ SORT │ NO SORT │ Unsorted first displays the └───────────┴──────┴─────────┘ drives and then the files and directories unsorted. ┌───────────┬────────┬───────┐ │ DIRECTORY │ REREAD │ E, F9 │ Reread causes Double Directory └───────────┴────────┴───────┘ to read the directory of the path of the active directory window. It is useful to quickly look at the directories of several floppy disks. Put a disk in the drive and press F9 to see the directory listing. Put another disk in the drive and press F9 again. Repeat until you find the disk you want. ┌───────────┬─────┬────────┐ │ DIRECTORY │ TAG │ F7, F8 │ See "Tagging" above. └───────────┴─────┴────────┘ ┌───────────┬──────┬───┐ │ DIRECTORY │ MAKE │ K │ Make allows you to create a new └───────────┴──────┴───┘ subdirectory within the path of the active directory window (like the DOS mkdir command). Place the cursor bar in the desired directory window before selecting Make. If Options/Confirm is set to Yes, you will be asked to confirm that you want to create a new subdirectory. Subdirectory names, like filenames, are comprised of an 8-character name, a period, and a 3-character extension. If a file or subdirectory with the same name already exists, an error message will be displayed. Double Directory 17 ┌───────────┬────────┬───┐ │ DIRECTORY │ REMOVE │ R │ Remove allows you to remove an empty └───────────┴────────┴───┘ subdirectory (like the DOS rmdir command). Place the cursor bar on the directory name you wish to remove before selecting Remove. If Options/Confirm is set to Yes, you will be prompted to confirm that you want to remove the subdirectory. If the directory is empty, it will be removed; if it still contains one or more files or subdirectory entries, an error message will be displayed. Remove only requests confirmation if Options/Confirm is set to Yes, since it will only remove an empty directory (which is easily recreated). ┌───────────┬──────┬───────┐ │ DIRECTORY │ INFO │ F, F2 │ The information screen displays └───────────┴──────┴───────┘ several pieces of information: the current date and time; the version of DOS being used; the total number and combined size of the tagged files; the name (in brackets []) of the file to which Options will be saved (usually dbldir.exe); the total number of bytes, the number of free bytes and the cluster size of each disk; and the amount of free memory. The combined size of the tagged files is useful for determining how much space is necessary on the destination disk to copy the tagged files. Bytes "free" and bytes "tagged" can be used to determine if there is enough free disk space to copy files. However, disks can have different cluster sizes -- the smallest disk space that can be allocated. Thus, if the cluster size is 1024, a 65 byte file requires at least 1024 bytes. The amount of free memory shows the approximate amount of memory available to Shell and run. Of course, the current paths and masks for the left & right directory windows are shown at the bottom of the screen. ┌───────────────────────┐ │ Options Functions │ └───────────────────────┘ ┌─────────┬────────┐ │ OPTIONS │ SOUND │ Double Directory "beeps" only to call your └─────────┴────────┘ attention to something such as an error condition. You can toggle the sound on or off. ┌─────────┬─────────┬───┐ │ OPTIONS │ CONFIRM │ F │ When confirm is set to Yes, you are └─────────┴─────────┴───┘ prompted to confirm that you want to execute some functions. For example, if Confirm is set to Yes and if you have several files tagged, when you press "C" to copy the files, you will be asked to confirm copying of each file in its turn. Setting confirm to Yes is safest, although it does take a bit more time to answer each confirmation request; it prevents inadvertently deleting files or replacing files with Double Directory 18 copies. Confirm affects both directories; either it is on or off for both. ┌─────────┬──────┐ │ OPTIONS │ ROWS │ Press "2" to display 25 rows and "4" to └─────────┴──────┘ display 43 rows if you are using an EGA display adapter or 50 rows if you are using a VGA. Double Directory will show 19 entries in each directory in 25-row mode, 37 entries in 43-row mode, and 44 entries in 50-row mode. ┌─────────┬───────────┐ │ OPTIONS │ DIRECTORY │ Via this menu you can toggle on/off the └─────────┴───────────┘ display of a file's time and adjust the maximum number of directory entries. ┌─────────┬───────────┬──────┐ │ OPTIONS │ DIRECTORY │ TIME │ When On, a file's time is └─────────┴───────────┴──────┘ displayed; when Off, its attributes are displayed (see File/Attributes above). ┌─────────┬───────────┬──────┐ │ OPTIONS │ DIRECTORY │ SIZE │ Size (the maximum number of └─────────┴───────────┴──────┘ directory entries) -- filenames, subdirectories, drives -- can range from 28 to 800. The lower the number, the more room there is for Dos/Shell and run. When shipped, Double Directory is set to handle 150 entries in each directory window. It automatically determines how many entries there are in a directory and manages memory allocation automatically; it will increase Size appropriately. Occasionally you will briefly see the message "Adjusting memory" at the bottom of the screen and both directory windows will clear and then refill. The message is displayed simply to keep you informed; it is not an error message. However, if there is not enough memory for Double Directory to read all of the entries from the disk, you will see error message -4 (see below). This can happen if your computer does not have enough memory or if you have filled memory with TSRs, drivers and other programs. In this case Double Directory will read and display as many entries as there is room for. You should quit and rerun Double Directory with more memory available (remove TSRs, etc.) since you will not see the complete directory. Of course, if the directory has more than 800 entries, Double Directory will not be able to read all of them because this is the absolute maximum it can handle. The only reason you might want to manipulate Options/ Directory/Size would be to decrease its size (Double Directory does not adjust the maximum directory size downward -- only upward when necessary). The smaller Size is, the more memory that is available to Dos/Shell and run. Double Directory 19 ┌────────────────┐ │ Technical Note │ The directory entries are held in a └────────────────┘ two-dimensional array: FileList (2,MaxDirSize). If MaxDirSize has to be increased, the array is redimensioned, so both dimensions are cleared and both directories are reread. With other file utility programs which handle only one directory, memory management is totally hidden from you. Because Double Directory handles two directories (and you can see BOTH) and must reread both if either exceeds MaxDirSize, you see something happening. ┌─────────┬──────┬───┐ │ OPTIONS │ VIEW │ W │ This menu can be accessed as any other └─────────┴──────┴───┘ menu is accessed AND while viewing a file. There are five options that determine how a file is displayed on screen or printed and one option for printing files. Generally, you should have Wrap set to No, EOL Char set to LF, Show CR/LF set to No, High bit set to No and Show CTRL chars set to No. If you change EOL Char and/or Wrap while viewing a file, the display will clear and viewing will start again at the beginning of the file. ┌─────────┬──────┬──────────┐ │ OPTIONS │ VIEW │ HIGH BIT │ If set to Yes, High Bit strips └─────────┴──────┴──────────┘ the high bit off each character displayed: characters with ASCII values of 127 or higher are converted to characters with ASCII values less than 128. For example, the character "-" is converted to "A". This is useful when viewing files created by WordStar which sets the high bit of some characters for formatting purposes. However, if the file you are viewing uses the box drawing characters or the international characters and you set High bit to Yes, the file may not make much sense as you view it. ┌─────────┬──────┬─────────────────┐ │ OPTIONS │ VIEW │ SHOW CTRL CHARS │ If set to NO, characters └─────────┴──────┴─────────────────┘ with ASCII values below 32 (control characters) are replaced by the space character. This includes the tab character. Control characters are often used for formatting text display and printing; they include line feed, carriage return, horizontal and vertical tab, form feed, escape, backspace, bell, and others. If not filtered out, most printers will interpret them as control codes and messy printouts will result. Double Directory places characters directly into display memory when you are viewing (not printing) a file so control characters have no effect on the screen display. Double Directory 20 ┌─────────┬──────┬────────────┐ │ OPTIONS │ VIEW │ SHOW CR/LF │ If set to No, carriage └─────────┴──────┴────────────┘ returns (ASCII 13) and line feeds (ASCII 10) are not displayed; this makes the text easier to read. Generally, set this to No, unless you have a reason to see exactly where lines and paragraphs end. ┌─────────┬──────┬──────────┐ │ OPTIONS │ VIEW │ EOL CHAR │ Different programs use └─────────┴──────┴──────────┘ different characters to signal end of line and end of paragraph. DOS uses a carriage return and line feed pair to indicate both. Word Perfect uses a carriage return to indicate line end (soft) and a line feed for paragraph end (hard). WordStar uses a carriage return with the high bit set and a line feed to indicate end of line (soft) and a carriage return and line feed pair to indicate paragraph end (hard). Generally, you should set EOL Char to CR, unless you are viewing a Word Perfect file. ┌─────────┬──────┬──────┐ │ OPTIONS │ VIEW │ WRAP │ Use this option to turn line wrap └─────────┴──────┴──────┘ on/off and to set the column at which lines are wrapped or truncated. ┌─────────┬──────┬──────┬────────┐ │ OPTIONS │ VIEW │ WRAP │ YES/NO │ If Yes, then lines are └─────────┴──────┴──────┴────────┘ wrapped at Column; otherwise, lines are truncated at Column. ┌─────────┬──────┬──────┬────────┐ │ OPTIONS │ VIEW │ WRAP │ COLUMN │ This is the column at └─────────┴──────┴──────┴────────┘ which lines should be wrapped or truncated. It may range from 1 to 999. Generally, leave this set to 80 (the width of the screen). However it is useful to change this when printing a file. You can set your printer's left margin (or offset the paper in the printer so as to make a left margin) and set Wrap to Yes at column 65 (or so) to get left and right margins. Or if your printer has a wide carriage and is able to print more than 80 columns or if you use your printer's compressed character set, you can set Column to 132 or larger and get more text on a page. If Wrap is set to Yes, you can view entire lines even if they are longer than the screen is wide (80 characters). However, (1) the original formatting will be disrupted; (2) when you scroll backward, the lines may wrap differently from when you scroll forward (especially if the text has been formatted with a word processing program and contains hard carriage returns), but the contents will be the same; (3) only long lines are wrapped, so the rest of the formatting will be the same. In other words, if you set Wrap to Yes, you are interested in seeing all of the contents of the file and you do not really care about the format of the file. Double Directory 21 With this version of Double Directory, the maximum width of a line on screen is 80 characters, even if the display adapter is capable of displaying more columns. Examples, using a line of 100 characters from a file: 1. If Wrap is set to Yes and Column is set to 76, then 76 characters will be displayed on one line and 24 on the next. 2. If Wrap is set to Yes and Column is set to 86, then 80 characters will be displayed on one line, 6 characters will not be displayed and 14 will be displayed on the next line. 3. If Wrap is set to No and Column is set to 76, then 76 characters will be displayed on one line and 24 will not be displayed. 4. If Wrap is set to No and Column is set to 86, then 80 characters will be displayed on one line, 14 will not be displayed. ┌─────────┬──────┬───────┐ │ OPTIONS │ VIEW │ PRINT │ This option is active only when └─────────┴──────┴───────┘ you are viewing a file. Show CTRL chars and Show CR/LF are temporarily set to No during printing. You can still set High Bit, EOL char and Wrap the way you want. ┌─────────┬──────┬───────┬──────┐ │ OPTIONS │ VIEW │ PRINT │ PART │ Choose this to print the └─────────┴──────┴───────┴──────┘ part of the file visible in the view window. ┌─────────┬──────┬───────┬────────┐ │ OPTIONS │ VIEW │ PRINT │ ENTIRE │ Choose this to print └─────────┴──────┴───────┴────────┘ the entire file. Double Directory currently supports only LPT1 as a printer port. See the "mode" command in your DOS manual for information about redirecting printer output. ┌─────────┬───────┐ │ OPTIONS │ COLOR │ You can choose the foreground and background └─────────┴───────┘ colors of all display items. After you have selected the item whose color you want to change, a color window will open displaying all 128 possible color combinations in 8 rows (background colors) of 16 columns (foreground colors). Use the direction keys to move the blinking smiley-face cursor to the color you want and press Enter. You can press "B" instead of Enter if you want the color to blink (maybe for the Tag character). The color names and some sample text appear at the bottom of the color window. Color changes take effect immediately. If you have a monochrome display adapter, the color Double Directory 22 combinations yield: dim white on black; bright white on black; black on white (inverse); dim underlined; and bright underlined. ┌─────────┬───────┬──────┐ │ OPTIONS │ COLOR │ LEFT │ This is the color of the entries └─────────┴───────┴──────┘ in the left directory window. For best results, it should be different from the right directory window color. ┌─────────┬───────┬───────┐ │ OPTIONS │ COLOR │ RIGHT │ This is the color of the entries └─────────┴───────┴───────┘ in the right directory window. For best results it should be different from the left directory window color. ┌─────────┬───────┬──────┐ │ OPTIONS │ COLOR │ HELP │ This is the color of the help text └─────────┴───────┴──────┘ that appears on the bottom line of the screen and in the help window when you press "H" or F1. It is also the color used when viewing a file. For best results it should be a color combination that makes reading easy. ┌─────────┬───────┬──────┐ │ OPTIONS │ COLOR │ TAGS │ This is the color of the tag └─────────┴───────┴──────┘ character that is displayed to the left of a filename when it is tagged. For best results, it should be a color that stands out from the entries in both directory windows. ┌─────────┬───────┬──────┐ │ OPTIONS │ COLOR │ DBAR │ This is the color of the cursor └─────────┴───────┴──────┘ bar in the active directory window (both windows if Scroll is On). For best results, it should be bright and easy to distinguish from the other directory entries. ┌─────────┬───────┬──────┐ │ OPTIONS │ COLOR │ IBAR │ This is the color of the cursor └─────────┴───────┴──────┘ bar in the inactive directory window. For best results it should be dimmer than the DBAR color but easily distinguished from the other directory entries. ┌─────────┬───────┬──────┐ │ OPTIONS │ COLOR │ MBAR │ This is the color of the menu └─────────┴───────┴──────┘ cursor bar. For best results, it should be easily distinguished from the MENU color. ┌─────────┬───────┬──────┐ │ OPTIONS │ COLOR │ MENU │ This is the color of all menu └─────────┴───────┴──────┘ items that are not highlighted by the menu cursor bar. Double Directory 23 ┌─────────┬───────┬───────┐ │ OPTIONS │ COLOR │ LINES │ This is the color of the └─────────┴───────┴───────┘ horizontal and vertical lines that separate the screen into windows. ┌─────────┬───────┬─────────┐ │ OPTIONS │ COLOR │ HOT KEY │ This is the color of the single └─────────┴───────┴─────────┘ character (within a menu item) that you can press to choose a menu item. For example, the "x" in "Exit" or "S" in "Sound". For best results, it should be a color that stands out from the MENU color. All color settings you save via Options/Write may be overridden by the command-line switches /b and /r (see below). ┌─────────┬──────┐ │ OPTIONS │ PATH │ This is the path to Double Directory's └─────────┴──────┘ executable file, dbldir.exe. It is used to write the options to disk (see next section) and to execute Clear and run (see above). If you are using DOS 3.0 or later, you can rename dbldir.exe to whatever you want. Also, if you are using DOS 3.0 or later, the Options/Path will be automatically set by Double Directory, but if you are using DOS 2.x, then you must set the path yourself (and you should not rename dbldir.exe). The same restrictions apply as to Directory/Path above concerning valid path characters and length. ┌─────────┬───────┐ │ OPTIONS │ WRITE │ Double Directory writes all of the Options └─────────┴───────┘ items (including View and Dir options) and the Directory/Sort fields and directions to Double Directory's executable file when you choose this option. The next time you run Double Directory, the colors, view and sort settings and so on that you saved will be used. Because it saves the options to the executable file, there is no need for a separate configuration file; thus, there is one less file to take up disk space and to transfer when you copy Double Directory to other disks and directories. Be sure to read Miscellaneous/Viruses below and Options/Path above. The paths and masks current when you write the options to disk are not saved in dbldir.exe. If you always want to start Double Directory with specific paths and/or masks, you can use a batch file and pass the paths and masks via command-line parameters (see below). ┌─────────────────────────────┐ │ Command-line Parameters │ └─────────────────────────────┘ You can add several command-line parameters (called switches) to the line you type when you run Double Directory. Each switch affects some aspect of Double Directory when it runs. Double Directory 24 ┌────┐ │ /s │ The Skip switch causes Double Directory to skip (not └────┘ stop at) the title screen where you are prompted for new paths and/or masks (see above). This is useful when included in batch files used to run Double Directory. However, the unregistered version of Double Directory always stops at the registration screen, even if the Skip switch is used (we know this may be annoying, but we have to remind you to register). ┌────┐ │ /b │ Displays white on black for monochrome displays. You do └────┘ NOT have to use this if you are using a monochrome display. This overrides any color settings you have saved via Options/Write. ┌────┐ │ /r │ Displays black on white (reverse); good for some LCD └────┘ displays found on portable computers. This overrides any color settings you have saved via Options/Write. ┌────┐ │ /p │ The path must be in the form of drive, colon, back- └────┘ slash (/pa:\) or drive, colon, backslash, subdirectories, backslash (/pc:\work\march\); that is, it must end in a backslash. You can put one or two path switches on the command line. The path following the first path switch is used for the left directory window and the path following the second is used for the right window. Thus, if you type "dbldir /pc:\qb45\ /pc:\gw\" Double Directory will display all files (because the default mask is "*.*") in the directory "c:\qb45" in the left directory window and "c:\gw" in the right. ┌────┐ │ /m │ The mask must be in the form of name mask, period, └────┘ and extension mask. The "*" character will let any number of characters pass through and the "?" character will let any one character pass through. Thus, the mask "*.bas" will allow any entry with the "bas" extension pass through (appear in the directory). "*.*" will let every entry pass through. "file.lt?" will let entries such as "file.lt1", "file.lta" and "file.lt$" pass through. The default masks are "*.*". So, if you type "dbldir /m*.pas /m*.bas" only Pascal files will be displayed in the left directory window and only BASIC files in the right. The total length of the command line cannot exceed 124 characters; this includes "dbldir" and all switches. See the earlier sections of this manual and your DOS manual for more about masks and paths. Double Directory 25 ┌─────────────────────────┐ │ Miscellaneous Stuff │ └─────────────────────────┘ ┌─────────┐ │ Viruses │ If you are using a program to prevent the spread └─────────┘ of viruses on your disks, it may warn you about Double Directory. These programs work by checking whether a file's length changes or if a calculated check sum for each file changes. When you save options (colors, paths, etc.) they are saved directly to the Double Directory file on disk; thus, there is no need for a separate configuration file. Double Directory's length does not change. However, its check sum can change because the options can have many different values. Therefore, you should inform the virus protection program that the contents of dbldir.exe can change (and thus its check sum) but not its length. ┌──────────────────┐ │ Windows Updating │ If the same complete path is displayed └──────────────────┘ in both directory windows and changes are made in the active window (you delete or rename a file, for example), the changes will also be shown in the inactive window (the directory will be reread). If the same drive (but not the same complete path) is displayed in both directory windows and some changes are made in the active window, they will be shown in the inactive window. For example, deleting a file will increase the amount of free space on the disk so both directory windows will be updated. However, renaming a file will not cause the inactive directory to be updated. ┌─────────────────────┐ │ Memory Requirements │ Double Directory will run in 272K RAM. └─────────────────────┘ It can handle about 275 entries in each directory window. This is not enough memory to DOS/Shell, but it is enough to DOS/Clear and run. With 288K RAM, Double Directory can handle about 500 entries in each directory window. This is enough memory to DOS/Shell and to DOS/Shell and run some programs. With 320K RAM Double Directory can handle 800 entries (its maximum) in each directory window. Fabrice Bellard's freeware program LZEXE is used to compress dbldir.exe from 160K+ to its current size. When Double Directory runs, it loads into memory and then uncompresses itself. This saves considerable disk space but adds less than a second to the time required to get it running. Double Directory 26 ┌─────────────────┐ │ Necessary Stuff │ WordStar, Word Perfect, Windows, and MS-DOS └─────────────────┘ are copyrighted and/or trademarked. This document (dbldir.doc) and the files dbldir.exe, dbldir.hlp, and dbl-read.me are copyrighted (c) 1991 by George Tylutki. The author believes that Double Directory is able to do what this documentation says it can do. Every good-faith effort has been made to remove "bugs" from this program and to make the user aware of its limitations in this documentatin. However, it is mathematically impossible to prove a computer program correct. Therefore, the copyright owner cannot warrant that the program is without error and cannot be held liable for any damages, including any loss of profit or other incidental or consequential damages arising out of the use of this program. ┌─────────┐ │ License │ Double Directory is a copyrighted, shareware └─────────┘ program. You may try the program before you register it and you are encouraged to give copies (all Double Directory files) to others to try. If you like and use it, send the registration fee of $15 U.S. dollars to 100% Cotton Software, RR 1 Box 1622, Hop Bottom, PA 18824. International users should add $3 U.S. dollars. Not-for-profit user's groups and selected shareware distributers may charge a fee not to exceed $5.00 (to cover postage, handling and related costs) to distribute Double Directory. For-profit use without a license is prohibited: you may not sell copies of Double Directory nor may you include ("bundle") Double Directory with other goods or services. Site, multiple-copy, and school licenses are available. Source code is also available. Write to the address above or call 717- 289-4019 (after 3 PM EST). ┌──────────┐ │ Tips │ └──────────┘ ┌─────────────────────────────────┐ │ Easier Delete, Copy, Move, Etc. │ Rather than scrolling └─────────────────────────────────┘ through long directories to tag the files you want to work on (for example, to copy), you can let Double Directory do most of the work. Be sure that Options/Confirm is set to Yes. Press F7 to tag all of the files in the directory. Choose the function you want to execute (copy, rename, etc.). Double Directory will present each file name and ask you to confirm that you want to copy, rename, etc. Confirm that you do or do not want to act on that file. Since delete Double Directory 27 always asks you whether it should confirm each deletion (even if Options/Confirm is set to No), you do not have to set Options/Confirm. Just press F7 and "D" and then confirm the deletion of each file you want to delete. ┌──────┐ │ Help │ You can use Double Directory's View function to view └──────┘ this manual if you find the help line and context- sensitive help information insufficient. So, you may want to leave this manual (dbldir.doc) in the same directory with Double Directory until you are completely familiar with the program. You might also want to View this manual for information about an error message. After you become thoroughly familiar with Double Directory and no longer need context-sensitive help, you can delete (or rename) the file dbldir.hlp. When Double Directory is run, it will look for but not find dbldir.hlp (it will not issue an error message). This will make an additional 11K of memory available for Shell and Shell and run or to load TSRs and it will free up additional disk space. ┌───────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Changing Drives & Directories Quickly │ Putting the cursor bar └───────────────────────────────────────┘ on a drive name and pressing Enter switches you to the root directory of that drive. This is useful to change drives and to jump up several levels from a subdirectory to the root directory. Sometimes, however, it is quicker to type in a path than to work down through subdirectories. For example, typing "C:\budgets\home\march" might be easier and faster than using the cursor keys and pressing Enter and waiting for each subdirectory to be read from disk (especially with floppies). ┌───────────────────────────────────┐ │ Using Double Directory as a Shell │ Using either Shell and run └───────────────────────────────────┘ or Clear and run, you can use Double Directory as a shell or menu program. That is, you can start your computer, run Double Directory, choose a file from the directory listing and run it. When that program quits, you are returned to Double Directory and you can choose to run another program. You can do this all day long always returning to Double Directory; you don't have to use the DOS command line at all to run programs, copy files, view files, and so on. When you return to Double Directory, the same paths (using the same masks) will be displayed as when you left and it will not stop at the title screen (where you are prompted to enter new paths, masks, continue or exit). However, if you are using DOS 3.0 or later, you should use Clear and run rather than Shell and run because it removes Double Directory from memory (giving more to the program you want to run). Start your computer and run Double Directory. Tag the program you want to run and choose Dos/Clear and Run. Double Double Directory 28 Directory will remove itself from memory and run the program. When the program ends, Double Directory will run again. You can then run another program or use Double Directory to copy, delete, rename, etc. before shutting off your computer. Each time a program ends that you have run via Clear and Run, Double Directory will run again. Since Double Directory removes itself from memory when you Clear and Run a program, the program has access to all of your computer's memory (unlike with many other "shells" which stay in memory and thus limit the memory available to the programs). DOS 3.0 or later is required for Clear and run. ┌───────────────┐ │ Quick Backups │ If you regularly back up the files you have └───────────────┘ just worked on at the end of each computer session (to floppy disks), you can do the following. Set Options/Confirm to No. Set one directory to your backup disk and the other to the directory that contains the files you want to copy (make this the active directory window). Compare the two directories by Date or Time. Then press "C" to copy. All of the files in the active directory that do not have matches in the other directory (your backup floppy) will be copied, because their dates and/or times are different (because more recent) from those on the backup floppy. Just a few keystrokes make it easy to maintain frequent up-to-date backups of your files. ┌────────────────────────┐ │ Making Multiple Copies │ Files remain tagged after you copy └────────────────────────┘ them; therefore, it is easy to copy files to several disks. Put a disk in the destination drive; set Options/Confirm to No; tag the files you want to copy in the source directory; and press "C". When all files have been copied, put another disk into the destination drive and press "C" again; the same files will be copied to the new disk. This works only if each destination disk contains the destination path -- for example, "b:\oldtext\". This is simplest if the destination path is a root directory (a:\, b:\, etc.). ┌───────────────────────────────────┐ │ Copying/Moving to Different Disks │ You can Move or Copy └───────────────────────────────────┘ individual files from the source directory to several destination disks. Let's say that on your hard disk there are 5 files you want to copy to several disks. You want to copy "game.one" and "game.two" to your games floppy, "picture.a" and "picture.b" to your graphics floppy and "dbldir.exe" to your utilities floppy. Set Options/Confirm to Yes. Tag the 5 files. Set the path of the destination directory to the appropriate path (for example, "b:\"). Put your games floppy in the destination drive. Press "C" and then "Y" when it asks you to confirm that you want to copy "game.one". Press "Y" when it asks you to confirm that you want to copy "game.two". After "game.two" is copied, remove the games disk from the destination drive and put in your graphics floppy. Press "Y" when asked to confirm copying of "picture.a". Press "Y" when Double Directory 29 prompted to copy "picture.b". After "picture.b" is copied, remove your graphics floppy and put in your utilities floppy. Press "Y" to copy "dbldir.exe". This works only if each destination disk contains the destination path -- for example, "b:\oldtext\". This is simplest if the destination path is a root directory (a:\, b:\, etc.). ┌───────────────────────────────┐ │ A Double Directory Batch File │ Double Directory always sets └───────────────────────────────┘ the paths for the two directories to the current path when it is run. You can use the command-line switch /p to change either or both paths when you run Double Directory. Further, you can create batch files so that Double Directory will read in specific directories for you. For example, you could create a batch file to run each time you finish word processing that would automatically read the directory that holds your word processing files and backup path. It might contain a line like this dbldir /s /pc:\wordstar\files\ /pb:\ which would read the directories "c:\wordstar\files\" and "b:\" and skip the title screen. (Of course, the unregistered version will stop at the registration screen even with the Skip switch.) ┌──────────────┐ │ Exit and Run │ At the end of the day, you can use Double └──────────────┘ Directory to clean up your disk(s) and then use Dos/Exit and run to run the last program of the day -- for example, to park your disk's heads or log the day's computer use. ┌─────────┐ │ Sorting │ Place the cursor bar in the appropriate directory └─────────┘ window and press "S" "D" "D" and the most recently created files will appear at the top of the directory listing. Press "S" "S" "A" and all of the drives and subdirectories in the current path will appear at the top of the directory listing. ┌──────────────────┐ │ One Floppy Drive │ If you have only one floppy drive, but want └──────────────────┘ to look at the directories of two floppies disks simultaneously, do the following. Put the first disk in the drive and make it active (usually by highlighting "A:\" and pressing return). Remove the first disk and put in the second. Switch to the other directory window and make the drive active. Now in one window you will have the directory listing of the first floppy disk and in the other directory window you will have the directory listing of the second. You can switch between the two and scroll through either. You can even Compare them. Double Directory is not designed to work with only one drive, but it can be used on such a system. (We believe that NO system should have only one drive, which precludes easily making frequent back-ups. If it's hard to make back-ups, they are not made. If they are not made frequently, sooner or later you will meet with a disaster -- guaranteed.) However, DOS will Double Directory 30 occasionally take over and display messages to switch disks; this will mess up the screen display. Also, sometimes it will seem that nothing is happening (press the Enter key when this happens). You can clean up the display by choosing Options/Rows and either "2" or "4" which always clears the display before changing display modes. You do not have to change modes; that is, you can choose "2" even if you are currently in 25-row mode. Double Directory 31 ┌────────┐ │ Keys │ └────────┘ ┌───────────────┐ │ Function Keys │ └───────────────┘ F1 = context-sensitive help F7 = tag all files F2 = information screen F8 = untag all files F3 = quit Double Directory F9 = reread directory F6 = go to other directory window F10 = main menu ┌──────────┐ │ Hot Keys │ └──────────┘ A = compare directories M = change directory mask B = change file attributes N = rename file C = copy file O = DOS D = delete file P = change directory path E = reread directory R = remove subdirectory F = display information S = sort directory H = general help T = options menu I = directory menu V = move file K = make subdirectory W = view file L = file menu X = exit Double Directory ┌───────────────┐ │ WordStar Keys │ └───────────────┘ Ctrl-S = left arrow Ctrl-D = right arrow Ctrl-E = up arrow Ctrl-X = down arrow Ctrl-R = page up Ctrl-C = page down Ctrl-Q+R = Home Ctrl-Q+C = end Ctrl-H = backspace Ctrl-Y = delete line (Del) ┌────────────┐ │ Other Keys │ └────────────┘ / = main menu Ins = tag file Del = untag file Spacebar = toggle tag Enter = choose a directory Esc = cancel (go back 1 step) Scroll Lock = scroll both directories Shift-F10 = cancel all (go back all steps) Left & Right Arrow = go to other directory window Ctrl-S, Ctrl-D = go to other directory window Tab, Shift-Tab = go to other directory window Double Directory 32 ┌──────────────────┐ │ Error Messages │ └──────────────────┘ Error numbers may be positive (5) or negative (-7). Access denied. Is directory empty? [5] You have attempted to Remove a directory that still contains files or subdirectories. Both paths are invalid. [-1] If at the title screen, you changed both paths and both are invalid. Can't remove files, drives, parent directory for Volume ID. [-6] You have tried to Remove a subdirectory and the cursor bar is not on a subdirectory name. Cannot copy/move file(s); source = destination. [-13] You can copy or move files only between different paths. It makes no sense to try to copy a file from a: to a:. Cannot tag drives, subdirectories or volume labels. [-25] See the section TAGGING FILES above. Clear and Run requires DOS 3.0 or later. [-19] See File/Dos/Clear and run. Device fault. Printer on? [25] Probably you're trying to print when your printer is off or off-line. Directory size must be between 28 and 800. [-17] See Options/Dir/Size. Disk full. [61] See File/Copy above. Drive not ready. [71] Probably a floppy disk drive door is open. Error reading disk. [-3] This might occur, for example, when Double Directory tries to read a disk and can't obtain the number of free bytes. Error reading/writing configuration options (filename). [-8] When reading (when the program first runs) or writing the configuration options, Double Directory was unable to find or open dbldir.exe or dbldir.exe does not contain valid configuration information. See also Options/Write. Double Directory 33 Error saving options; EXE file may be corrupted. [-9] Some error occurred while writing configuration options to dbldir.exe. Dbldir.exe may have been corrupted. You should not use it again; make a new copy of dbldir.exe from your backup disk. 43/50 rows not available with your display adapter. [-7] An EGA or VGA is required. File is not tagged. [-26] See the section TAGGING FILES above. File not found. [2, 53] This message can appear if you switch disks when renaming a file; Double Directory is unable to find the file to rename. I/O error. [57] Unspecific error when reading a disk. Try again or try another disk. Must be .exe, .com or .bat file. [-11] To Shell and run, Clear and run, or Exit and run, you must tag an .exe, .com, or .bat file. No files tagged. [-5] You have tried to copy, delete, rename, etc. a file and none are tagged. No path specified. [-2] You have manually entered an invalid path (Path not found) and then tried to do something like Make directory. Not enough memory. [7] If you attempt to set Dir/Size (see above) too large. Options/Path must be set before Options can be saved. [-20] If you are using a version of DOS prior to 3.0, you must set Options/Path before attempting to write configuration options to disk. Out of string space. [14] This may occur when you first run Double Directory. It means that there is not enough room to run the program (it can load but not run). Path/File access error (does it already exists?). [75] You have attempted to Make a subdirectory and a file or subdirectory with the same name already exists on the disk. Path not found. [3, 76] You have manually entered an invalid path or the problem that is discussed in the Technical Note in Directory/Path has occurred. Double Directory 34 Print available only while viewing a file. [-16] See Options/View/Print. Unable to delete file to be replaced. [-10] This should occur only if Double Directory is unable to obtain the file attributes of the file to be deleted. Wrap column must be between 1 and 999. [-14] See Options/View/Wrap. Wrong help file version (dbldir.hlp). [-15] You shouldn't see this message. Future versions of Double Directory's help files may have different formats. _ entries read; there may be more in this directory. [-4] See Options/Dir/Size. These three errors might occur when printing. Device timeout. [24] Out of paper. [27] You should never see any of the following: No files found. [18] Bad file mode. [54] File already open. [55] FIELD statement active. [56] File already exists. [58] Bad record length. [59] Input past end of file. [62] Bad record number. [63] Bad file name. [64] Too many files. [67] Device unavailable. [68] Communication-buffer overflow. [69] Permission denied. [70] Disk-media error. [72] REGISTRATION FORM Date:_________________ Send me a registered copy of Double Directory, a copy of Clip and Save and a copy of (check one) [] Maze Survey OR [] Have You Read That Movie? Register Double Directory ($15.00 per copy) $________ International orders (add $3.00) $________ TOTAL $________ [] Check [] Money order Total includes shipping, handling and taxes where applicable. International orders U.S. Dollars please. Name _________________________________________________________ Street _______________________________________________________ City ______________________________ State ____ Zip __________ I obtained my copy of Double Directory from: [] Users' group [] Commercial service _____________________ [] Friend [] Other __________________________________ Suggestions/comments: ________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Send to: 100% Cotton Software RR 1 Box 1622 Hop Bottom, PA 18824 Double Directory 36 The following are being considered for inclusion into future versions of Double Directory: Mouse support Direct support for LPT2, LPT3, COM1, COM2 Support for adapters that can display more than 80 columns A function for undeleting files A function to write a sorted directory to disk A function to search a disk for a file A function for exiting the program without clearing the screen. A function for erasing files that would wipe out a file's data as well as deleting it A function for continuous scrolling while viewing The ability to print a (sorted) directory listing The ability to find text while viewing The ability to place markers while viewing A setting for determining the number of space characters to substitute for a Tab character when viewing/printing A setting for hexadecimal as well as text viewing A Windows 3.0 version Your comments and suggestions are welcomed. Double Directory 37 ┌──────────┐ │ Index │ └──────────┘ 100% Cotton Software, 1, 3, 35 Control characters, 19 Copy, 9, 11, 28 Active directory, 6, 7, 10, 28 Cursor bar, 5 Active directory window, 16 ASCII, 3, 19, 20 Default mask, 14, 24 Delete, 8, 9, 10, 26 Backslash, 13, 24 Delete characters, 7 Batch file, 13, 23, 24, 29 Destination directory, 6, 9, 10, Browsing, 10 28 Destination disk, 29 Cancel, 6, 7, 10 Destination drive, 28 Carriage return, 20 Destination path, 10, 28, 29 Clear and run, 13, 23, 25, 27 Directory Clip and Save, 3, 35 Changing, 7 Cluster size, 17 Make, 16 Color Options, 18 Active directory cursor, 22 Remove, 17 Background, 21 Root, 27 Blink, 21 Size, 18 Cursor, 6 Time, 18 Divider lines, 23 Directory information area, 4, 5 Foreground, 21 Directory window, 4, 13, 14, 25 Help text, 22 Display width, 21 Hot keys, 23 DOS Inactive directory cursor, 22 Clear and run, 12 Left directory window, 22 Exit and run, 13 Menu cursor, 22 Shell, 12 Menus, 22 Shell and run, 12 Names, 21 DOS 2.0, 1, 3, 23 Right directory window, 22 DOS 3.0, 1, 23, 27, 28, 32, 33 Sample text, 21 DOS commands, 11, 12 Tag character, 22 DOS mode command, 21 Window, 21 DOS problem, 14 Command line Double Directory DOS, 27 Compressed, 25 Double Directory, 4, 23, 24, dbldir.doc, 27 29 dbldir.exe, 17, 23, 25 Shelling, 8, 12, 13 dbldir.hlp, 12, 27 Command.com, 12 Path to dbldir.exe, 23 Compare directories Renaming dbldir.exe, 23 Date, 15, 28 $dbldir$.bat, 13 General, 15, 29 Name, 15 Editing, 9 Size, 15 EGA, 18 Time, 15 Enter, 12 Configuration file, 23, 25 Entering text, 7 Confirm, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, Error message list, 32 16, 17, 26, 28 Exit, 4, 12, 13 Context-sensitive help, 4, 27 Exit and run, 29 Double Directory 38 Tab, 5 F1, 22 WordStar, 6 F7, 26 2, 18, 30 File Attributes 4, 18, 30 Archive, 11 B, 11 Hidden, 11 C, 9 Read only, 11 D, 9 Setting, 11 E, 16 System, 11 F, 17 Viewing, 18 H, 8, 22 Filter, 3, 14, 19 I, 8 Free K, 16 Programs, 3 L, 8 Updates, 3 M, 14, 15 Free bytes, 17 N, 9 Free disk space, 17, 25, 27 O, 12 Free memory, 17 P, 13 R, 17 Have You Read That Movie?, 3, 4, S, 15 35 T, 8 Help line, 5, 27 V, 10 Help text, 8 W, 19 X, 13 Inactive directory, 10 /, 5, 6, 8 Inactive window, 6, 25 Information screen, 17 LCD displays, 24 Installation, 1 Left arrow character, 5, 10 International orders, 26, 35 Left directory window, 24 Licensing, 26 Keys Line feed, 20 Arrow, 5 Line truncate, 20 Backspace, 7 Line wrap, 20 Complete list, 31 LIST, 10 Cursor, 5, 7 LPT1, 21 Del, 7, 11 LZEXE, 25 Direction, 5 Editing, 7 Mask Enter, 5, 7, 12 Changing, 4, 14 Esc, 6, 10 Command-line switch, 24 F1, 4 Default, 4 F10, 5, 6, 8 Length, 14 F2, 10, 17 Maze Survey, 3, 35 F3, 13 Memory, 1, 12, 18, 19, 25, 27, F6, 5 28 F7, 7, 16 Menu F8, 7, 16 Attributes, 11 F9, 12, 16 Color, 21 Function, 8 Compare, 15 Hot, 6, 8 Confirm, 17 Ins, 7, 11 Copy, 9 Scroll Lock, 6 Delete, 9 Shift-F10, 6 Directory, 8, 18 Shift-Tab, 5 DOS, 12 Spacebar, 7 Exit, 13 Double Directory 39 File, 8 Registration form, 35 File tag, 11 Registration screen, 24, 29 General, 4, 6 Rename, 9 Help, 8 Replace file, 9 Info, 17 Reread, 12, 25 Main, 5, 8 Right arrow character, 5, 10 Make, 16 Right window, 24 Mask, 14 Root directory, 5, 28, 29 Move, 10 Rows, 18, 30 Options, 8, 17 Run another program, 12 Path, 13, 23 Run tagged file, 12, 13 Remove, 17 Rename, 9 S, 6 Rows, 18 Saving Options, 23 Sort, 15 Screen, 4 Sound, 17 Scroll, 5, 6, 8, 10, 26 Tag, 16 Shareware, 3 Title, 5 Shell, 12, 25, 27 View, 10, 19 Shell and run, 17, 18, 25, 27 Write, 23 Skip file. See Confirm, 9 Menu bar, 5, 6 Skip switch, 24, 29 Messages Smiley-face cursor, 21 Error, 9, 10, 16, 17, 18, 27, Sort 32 Ascending/Descending, 15 Error (complete list), 32 Date, 16 Informative, 10, 18, 30 Extension, 15 Minimum requirements, 1, 25 General, 15 Miscellaneous, 25 Name, 15 Monochrome display, 21, 24 No sort, 16 Mouse, 1 Size, 16 Move, 10, 28 Time, 16 Tip, 29 Network, 1, 11 Sound, 17 Source directory, 5, 9, 10, 28 Overwrite file, 9 Space character, 19 Subdirectory, 5, 7, 10, 11, 13 Parent directory, 5 Switches, 23, 24, 29 Path Changing, 4, 7, 13 Tab, 19 Command-line switch, 24 Tag Default, 4 Character, 7 Length, 14 Directory, 7, 26 Source, 10 File, 7, 28 To Double Directory, 23 Technical Note, 11, 13, 14, 19 Point and shoot, 14 Telephone support, 3 Print Time, 11, 18 Entire file, 21 Tips Part of file, 21 Backups, 28 Printer, 3, 21 Batch files, 29 Printing, 6, 10, 20 Changing directories, 27 Copying/Moving, 28 Quit, 13 Delete, copy, etc., 26 Exit and run, 29 Registration fee, 3, 35 Help, 27 Double Directory 40 Multiple copies, 28 \ 13 One drive, 29 Shell, 27 .bat, 12, 13 Sorting, 29 .com, 12, 13 Title screen, 4, 14, 24, 27, 29 .exe, 12, 13 Toggle File attributes, 11 /b, 24 File tags, 7 /m, 24 TSR, 3 /p, 24, 29 /r, 24 UNERASE, 9 /s, 24 Untag Directory, 7 <drive>, 5 File, 7 <parent>, 5, 14 Updates, 3 <subdir>, 5, 14 <vol id>, 5 Valid drives, 5 Valid filename, 8 Valid mask, 8, 14 Valid path, 8, 14 VGA, 18 View Clip and Save, 3 Defaults, 19 End of line, 20 File, 10 Line truncate, 20 Line wrap, 20 Print, 19, 21 Show control characters, 19 Show CR/LF, 20 Strip high bit, 19 Wrap column, 20 View window, 10 Viruses, 25 Volume name, 5, 7, 11 Window Color, 21 Directory, 4, 5 Directory information, 5 Help, 4, 5 Informative, 17 Menu, 4 View, 10 Word Perfect, 20 WordStar, 19, 20 * 14, 24 . 14 : 13 .. 5, 7, 14 ? 14, 24 [] 17